Wood That's Tough as Nails

What natural building material is highly durable, resists flames and doesnt float? Its ipe wood,a material that upscale builders and interior designers are increasingly incorporating into their plans.But density comes at a price.

By Alyssa Abkowit

Emile Dubuisson-Ipe is one of the densest hardwoods available.

What is it? Also called Brazilian walnut, ipe (pronounced ee-pay) wood is typically found in South America and some parts of Central America. It is one of the densest hardwoods available, three times harder than cedar. Ipe has the same fire rating as concrete and steel, meaning it resists flames much longer than softer woods, and is so dense that it doesn't float in water.

Uhuru Design-Ipe wood often is used outdoors as decking and siding

How is it used? Because of its durability, ipe wood often is used outdoors as decking and siding. Inside, it's typically seen in flooring or cabinetry. For indoor use, the wood has to be kiln-dried to remove moisture, which keeps it from warping or cracking, says Scott Zubrow, architectural specialist at General Woodcraft in New London, Conn.

Getty Images-Ipe wood lasts a minimum of 25 years, although many architects say it can last up to half a century if maintained properly.

Pros: Like redwood, it has a natural oil that keeps bugs out; it's resistant to mildew and decay, making it ideal for coastal construction. Ipe wood lasts a minimum of 25 years, although many architects say it can last up to half a century if maintained properly.

Cons Holes must be predrilled for screws. Its high oil and tannin content makes it difficult for paint to adhere. The hardness makes it unsuitable for intricate woodworking. It's also difficult to ensure the hardwood comes through legitimate channels. Earlier this year, ipe wood accounted for more than 90% of the wood seized in a major sting by Brazilian authorities. When shopping for ipe wood, look for certification from organizations like the Forest Stewardship Council, which tracks sustainable forestry.

Getty Images-Red Ipe Trees in bloom

Price:
At $3.50 to $4 per linear foot, ipe typically costs about 30% more than a knotty cedar or pine. A 400-square-foot ipe deck would cost about $500, not including other materials or labor.

Getty Images- Coney Island boardwalk

History: Parts of the iconic Coney Island boardwalk are made of ipe wood.

A version of this article appeared October 26, 2012, on page M12 in the U.S. edition of The Wall Street Journal, with the headline: Wood That's Tough as Nails